The need for charging cables for electric heavy-duty trucks

China [CN]

Electric heavy-duty truck selection of charger types: A variety of connectors and plugs exist for medium and heavy-duty EVs. These can be divided into three types of EV chargers.

Plug-in connectors (manually conductive) are similar to the EV chargers used for light-duty EVs. They are popular because they are cheaper, simpler, and can support higher power transfer. Manual plug-in connectors are a popular application for fleets using night depot charging models.

Conductive automatic connection devices are another very popular method of charging commercial EVs. Auto-chargers connect vehicles for DC fast charging and can be used for opportunity charging and overnight depot charging.SAE J3105 is the recommended standard for battery electric buses and heavy duty vehicles. Chargers typically function through the EV's overhead pantograph (a device mounted on the roof of the EV that collects power by contacting overhead lines). Some auto-connect devices can operate by plugging into the EV's auto-charging pins without the need for an overhead pantograph.

Automatic wireless (inductive) chargers are an emerging technology with many exciting applications. Chargers transmit power to EVs wirelessly, making it easy and fast to charge batteries. These chargers are costly to set up and have a slightly lower power range (50-250 kW typical).

Charging models: Medium and heavy-duty EVs use two main charging models: station charging and on-the-road charging. Fleets with medium and heavy-duty EVs typically choose Level 2 chargers (up to 19 kW) for overnight charging at their stations. Other fleets choose EVs with smaller batteries and install DC fast chargers along fixed routes to allow for "opportunity charging" when the EVs stop. Opportunity charging is a popular mode for electric buses.

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